Objective:To establish type 1 diabetes model in transgenic mice expressing human TCRα gene for investigating the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Methods: 20 TCR transgenic mice were randomly divided into two groups. One was experimental group induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg/times), the other was control group injected with the same amount of saline. Two groups were injected two times with an interval of 48h. The blood glucose levels and weight were detected weekly. The mice were killed when they had significant clinic appearance or 8 weeks after STZ injection, followed by pathologic studies and serum insulin，cytokine assays. Results:The incidence of experimental group was 10/10 whereas that of control group was 0/10. The level of CD3 ,CD4 ,CD8 ,the relation between CD4 and CD8 T-cells were changed significantly between experimental group and control group. The amounts of insulin，IFN-γ，TFN-? were changed significantly between experimental group and control group. The amount of IL-2 of experimental group was higher than control group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusion:Model mice of type 1 diabetes can be established in transgenic mice expressing human TCRα gene during the 2~ 8 week after i.p injection with STZ.