Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a chronic bone metabolic disease induced by diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by a decreased bone mass, increased bone fragility, decreased strength, and fracture tendency. To better explore the pathogenesis of DOP and develop treatments, it is important to establish an animal model that mimics the pathology of human DOP. The method of establishing a DOP animal model induced by streptozotocin has the advantages of simple operation, short time, high molding rate and relatively high stability. This article reviews animal selection, feeding,streptozotocin application, modeling method, modeling criteria, and testing indexes to provide a basis for more in-depth research of DOP pathogenesis.