Aging is an inevitable process in organisms that proceeds spontaneously over time and leads to the development of aging-related diseases. The increase of senile diseases adds to the medical burden of society. Therefore, an important research direction in aging biology is to find therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important structural protein of caveolin, which is involved in many cellular processes, such as signaling transduction, cholesterol balance, migration and aging. Numerous studies have shown that Cav-1 plays an important role in mediating and regulating aging. This article reviews the role and signaling pathways of Cav-1 in aging and potential therapeutic targets for aging and aging-related diseases.