Objective To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of action of sheep bone collagen peptide chelated calcium (CPCC) on the kidney of estrogen-deficient rats. Methods Rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy. The CPCC dosages for the high-dose (CPCC-H) and low-dose (CPCC-L) groups were 5 g / (kg·d) and 1 g / ( kg·d), respectively. In the model and sham groups, the same volume of distilled water was intragastrically administered every day. After 8 weeks, the kidney antioxidant indexes were measured, and the morphological changes in kidney tissues were observed. qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of JAK/ STAT signaling pathway-related genes. Results Compared with the sham group, the kidney T-SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC activities in the model group were decreased significantly, and the MDA content was increased significantly ( P< 0. 01). Furthermore, normal renal tissue structure was perturbed and lymphocyte infiltration was observed. Levels of the serum inflammatory factors IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased significantly (P< 0. 01). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of the JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 genes were increased significantly (P< 0.01). After CPCC treatment, compared with the model group, T-SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC levels increased significantly ( P< 0. 01), and MDA content decreased significantly (P< 0.01). Renal tissue lesions were significantly reduced, and the number of lymphocytes was decreased. Furthermore, serum levels of various inflammatory factors were decreased significantly (P< 0.01), and mRNA expression levels of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 genes were decreased significantly (P< 0.01). Conclusions CPCC inhibits oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats and may ameliorate renal tissue pathology through the JAK/ STAT signaling pathway.