Objective This article aims to clarify the development of neutrophils and diabetes fields, as well as the evolving characteristics, potential trends, and research hotspots of neutrophils in the diabetes field. Methods 2998 relevant literatures on neutrophils in the diabetes field indexed in Web of Science from 2010 to 2023 were retrieved, and visual analysis of the relevant literatures on neutrophils in the diabetes field was conducted using Citespace6.1.R6. Results Since 2012, publications on this topic have grown rapidly. Bayat Mohammad, Liu Tong, Amini Abdollah, Zhang Rui are high-yield authors, with 7 related articles published. China and Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ are the countries and institutions with the most published papers. The most influential journal in this field is "PLOS ONE", cited 1380 times. Literature co-citation analysis shows that the highest focus in topics related to diabetes currently are "extracellular trap" and "covid-19 patient". Co-occurrence analysis, clustering analysis, and keyword burst analysis indicate that "lymphocyte ratio" (13.08) and "neutrophil extracellular trap" (7.2) are the most researched topics in the field of neutrophils and diabetes. Literature in this field mainly focuses on "myocardial infarction", "endothelial", "oxidative stress", and "apoptosis". Conclusion This article analyzes the evolving trends of neutrophils in the diabetes field using Citespace, providing new insights for researchers to conduct future research in the diabetes field.