Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aggressive neurodegenerative disease whose pathogenesis is hitherto unknown. Neuroinflammation is a chronic inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) activated by microglia and astrocytes that is difficult to subside autonomously and is associated with multiple inflammatory factors and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies have shown that neuroinflammation has become the third major pathological feature in AD after β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and neurogenic fiber tangles (NFTs). In this paper, we summarize and analyze microglia and astrocytes and their interaction, and organize and discuss the role of microglia-astrocyte interaction in neuroinflammation and AD. In order to provide a reference for the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in the pathological alterations of neuroinflammation in AD.