In recent years, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-Infected patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have increased. Its etiology is complex and treatment is difficult. Therefore, it has received extensive research attention. By reviewing and analyzing the studies of domestic and foreign researchers, this article discusses the mechanism of the occurrence and development of DLBCL caused by HBV infection and the clinical prognosis of patients. The findings suggest that, at genomic and transcriptome levels, HBV mainly induces changes in the expression of BCL6, FOXO1, ZFP36L1 and other genes, and activate various regulatory genes through the HBV X protein, thereby inducing clonal proliferation of lymphocytes and eventually forming lymphoma. The prognostic assessment mainly analyzes and compares the patient age of onset, sex, organ involvement, international prognostic index, lactate dehydrogenase level, proliferation index (Ki-67), bcl-2, bcl-6, inflammatory index, and other factors, to propose a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL and basic research.