The Mongolian gerbil is a potential laboratory animal model in diabetes research. However, the frequency of diabetes in common population is too low to meet the requirement of scientific research. During the process of inbreeding Mongolian gerbils, we found that a sub-line of inbred gerbils with an incidence of higher blood glucose. After selectively inbred by sister-brother mating for 20 generations, a spontaneously diabetic model of inbred gerbil was established with incidence of about 60%. The model also displayed typical characteristics of high fasting serum glucose, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, multiple-tissue injury, and dysfunction of several genes related diabetes. We further studied the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes by this model and found that the non-obesity diabetes and obesity diabetes gerbil are totally different in the distribution and cytokines’secretion of adipose. These data indicate that our diabetic inbred gerbil is an ideal model of type 2 diabetes. It could be a new material and provide the new inspirations for the relative diabetes researches such as diabetic pathogenesis mechanism, the function of adipose tissue in diabetes, selection of sensitive drug for treating diabetes.