Objective Through the preliminary study of immunology on rabbit model of allergic purpura, it’s hopeful to explore the immunological mechanism of the disease. Methods Blood routine to detect immune cells; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) to measure the content of lymphocytes and cytokines CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, IL-2, TNF-α; immunofluorescence assay for detecting IgA, IgG and C3 in skin and kidney; special dyeing included masson staining and PAS staining of the renal glomerulus, Luna dyeing of skin and lung tissue. Meanwhile, this will be compared with the control group for analysis. Results Compared with the control group, the rabbits of model group showed the increased number of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophil (NEU) and the percentage, eosinophil(EOS) and the percentage, basophilic granulocyte(BAS), and the difference had statistical significance; the content of peripheral blood CD3+T, CD4+T lymphocytes decreased, CD8+T lymphocytes increased, the ratio of CD4/CD8 dropped, the level of IL-2 decreased and TNF-α increased, the difference of all had statistical significance; IgA, IgG, C3 expression in skin and kidney increased; glomerular performed that collagen fibers proliferation, mesangial thickening, mesangial matrix increased; the numbers of eosinophils in dermis and lung tissue had more positive expression. Conclusion Through the study of the immune cells and cytokines, we found that immune function disorder existed in the allergic purpura rabbit model. These results will provide valuable basis for clarifying pathogenesis of HSP, finding out the new indicators for clinical diagnosis, curative effect observation and selecting the appropriate treatment schedule.