As a common neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) seriously affects the physical and mental health, and the quality of life, of patients. The preparation of AD animal models is therefore of significance, especially models that can effectively replicate abnormal behavioral, biochemical, and pathological changes. In this review, the method of preparing AD animal models based on D-galactose alone, and D-galactose combined with an amyloid beta protein (Aβ) oligomer, AlCl₃ , and NaNO₂ were summarized. The mechanism of drug-induced AD, the presentation of impaired learning memory, and pathological changes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, neuron damage, and Aβ and Tau aggregation are evaluated and discussed to provide a reference for future studies involving AD animal models.