The mechanisms involved in learning and memory are complex and the forms of expression are diverse. The process of learning and memory involves signal recognition, information acquisition, consolidation, reproduction, and reconsolidation. Memory information includes image memory, sound memory, olfactory memory, and spatial location memory. Information can be divided into short-term memory and long-term memory according to how long it is stored. Behavioral experiments are the main method to evaluate learning and memory. To date, scientists have established a variety of behavioral experimental method in rats and mice to evaluate learning and memory. In this paper, the experimental method of behavioral learning and memory are classified and summarized for the first time, and different evaluation method are listed for the different experimental types. Our review provides a reference for behavioral experiment-based learning and memory research, and related product development.