Differences in the effects of dietary lipids on the physiology and biochemistry of mice
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1.Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. 2. Hunan Synthetic Innovation Center for Livestock Production Safety, Changsha 410128. 3. Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128

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    Abstract:

    Objective To compare the effects of dietary oil content on the physiology and biochemistry of mice to provide a basis for the selection of appropriate oils for inclusion in animal feeds and for human health. Methods Two levels of dietary energy supply from oils were tested in male C57BL/ 6J mice: a 20% ( low-oil energy supply) and 30% (high-oil energy supply), based on the recommendation that dietary energy supply in lipid form should not exceed 30%. Furthermore, each energy supply level was provided as lard (LA), rapeseed oil (RA), olive oil (OL), or a lard and rapeseed blend oil (mass ratio 1 ∶ 1) (BO). After 16 weeks of feeding, the mice’ s growth performance, fat deposition, serum biochemical indices, and blood glucose concentrations were compared. Results Low-OL diet feeding was associated with lower body mass and accumulation of perirenal and epididymal fat (P< 0. 01). High-OL and high-RA feeding were also associated with lower body mass and accumulation of perirenal and epididymal fat (P< 0. 01). The liver index of both the low-OL and high-OL groups was very high (P< 0. 01), and the kidney index was high in the low-RA group (P< 0. 05) and in the high-LA and high-RA groups (P< 0. 01). The circulating total cholesterol content of the high-RA group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P< 0. 05), and the triglyceride concentration of the high-OL group was the lowest. The high-density / low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly higher in the low-RA groups than in the other three low-oil energy supply groups (P< 0. 05), but there was no difference between the high-RA and high-OL groups. Glucose and insulin tolerance testing showed that the low-BO and low-OL groups had superior glucose homeostasis to the other low-oil energy supply groups, but there were no significant differences between the four high-oil energy supply groups, and although the final blood glucose concentration in the BO group was slightly higher, there was no difference in the area under the curve. Conclusions A large amount of dietary lard or a lard / rapeseed oil 1 ∶ 1 blend increases body mass and fat deposition in mice. In contrast, both low and high levels of energy provided as olive oil reduce weight gain and fat deposition, but may have deleterious effects on the liver. Feeding of rapeseed oil is preferable for blood lipid profile but may have deleterious effects on the kidney. None of the four kinds of oil had deleterious effects on glucose homeostasis in mice.

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History
  • Received:December 23,2020
  • Revised:
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  • Online: September 10,2021
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