Objective To analyze the structure and composition of the intestinal flora of the wild tree shrew using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Methods The feces of three wild tree shrews were collected and investigated for diversity using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Results In total, 181,657 sequences and 624 OTU were collected after sequencing. According to the Shannon-Wiener curve, the sequencing data were reliable for all bacteria of the samples. The bacteria in the tree shrew feces were from 9 phyla, 17 classes, 31 orders, 56 families, 124 genera, and 172 species. Among them, 1) Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes had the highest abundance, 68. 38% and 20. 52%, respectively.2) The dominant classes were Bacilli and Bacteroidia, at 54. 81% and 20. 52%. 3) The abundance of Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales was higher, at 50. 01% and 20. 52%. 4) Dominant families were Streptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae, at 40. 52% and 12. 13%. 5) Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were dominant (20. 03%, 19. 62%). 6) Beneficial bacteria,such as Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, were relatively common, while Bifidobacterium was relatively rare. 7) 16S functional prediction showed an abundance of functional genes, such as those involved in amino acid transport and metabolism,carbohydrate transport, and metabolism. Conclusions The composition of tree shrew fecal microbiota shows a rich diversity. Many bacteria that are relatively abundant remain unidentified, so further study is warranted.