Objective The aim of the study was to establish a mouse model of endometriosis, and to observe the effects of endometriosis on the reproductive ability in the mice. Methods The mouse models of endometriosis was established by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of heterogenous endometrium. The pregnancy rate and live embryo number in the experimental, sham operation and blank groups were observed and compared, and the effects of endometriosis on reproductive ability of the mice were evaluated. Results Two weeks after the establishment of the mouse model of endometriosis, there were lesions in the peritoneal cavity and subcutaneous tissue of the mice. Compared the pregnancy rates among the model group, sham operation group and blank group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared the live embryo number in the three groups, there were also significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusions A mouse model of endometriosis is successfully established, and it demonstrates that endometriosis may affect the reproductive ability of mice.