Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men and related studies have achieved great breakthrough in recent years. But because of the lack of effective in vivo animal models, the process to translate basic research into clinical application has been severely hampered. Patient derived prostate tumor xenograft (PDPTX) model is an ideal animal model in which freshly isolated tumor tissues from patients were inoculated into immunodeficient mice. This model can duplicate the heterogeneity of primary tumor in a better way and keep the tumor complexity at molecular, genetic and pathological levels. Particularly, the PDPTX model, in which the isolated tumor tissue is inoculated under the renal capsule, is even better, because it solves the clrawbacks of traditional subcutaneous inoculation model. In traditional models, the success rate is low, it's not easy for lower grade tumor to form xenograft, and it's not easy to reconstruct metastasis, etc. PDPTX provides a more ideal in vivo model for prostate cancer studies. It has irreplaceable advantages, especially in target therapy, new drug screening and individualized tumor treatment.