孤独症谱系障碍动物模型相关神经生物学研究进展
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1. 河南中医药大学儿科医学院,郑州 450046;2. 河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科,郑州 450003

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Research progress in the neurobiology of animal models of autism spectrum disorder
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1.Medical School of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China. 2. Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450003

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    摘要:

    孤独症谱系障碍(austim spectrum disorder,ASD)是一种以社交和沟通障碍以及重复和限制性行为为特征的神经发育障碍。 ASD 的表型异质性使得确定核心症状涉及的确切病因和病理生理机制困难重重,且这些症状通常伴有注意缺陷多动障碍、癫痫发作和感觉运动异常等共患病。动物模型提供了阐明疾病的病因和发病机制的重要平台。越来越多的研究利用如环境暴露、母体免疫激活(maternal immune activation,MIA)等诱导的动物模型进行孤独症谱系障碍病因病机的探讨以及药物治疗靶点的筛选。该文综述常见动物模型的不同神经网络机制、脑组织及相关因子变化、症状表型等方面,为今后进行精准动物实验研究提供针对性的动物模型选择,也可为阐明疾病神经生物学、开发潜在的治疗药物提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social and communication problems and repetitive and restrictive behaviors. The phenotypic heterogeneity of ASD makes it particularly difficult to determine the exact etiology and pathophysiology behind the core symptoms, which are usually accompanied by complications such as ADHD, seizures, and sensorimotor abnormalities. Animal models provide important platforms for clarifying the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. More and more studies are using animal models induced by environmental exposure and maternal immune activation to explore the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD and screen for drug targets. This paper reviews the different neural network mechanisms, changes to brain tissue and related factors, symptom phenotypes, and other aspects of common animal models to provide a reference for those clarifying the neurobiology of ASD and developing potential drugs or therapeutic interventions, and to help with selecting targeted animal models for future precision experimental research.

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张雪原,孔亚敏,马丙祥,党伟利,周荣易,史文丽.孤独症谱系障碍动物模型相关神经生物学研究进展[J].中国实验动物学报,2022,30(8):1141~1149.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-13
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-03-24
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