Specific-pathogen-free ( SPF) pigs have been developed to prevent specific pig diseases and are important not only in the pig production industry, but also in life science research, and the production of biological products. Here, we review research progress on pathogen control and the quality control procedures applied to the production of SPF pigs throughout the world. We also provide an overview of the method for the purification of pathogens from SPF pigs, and briefly discuss the current applications of SPF pigs and potential future developments.